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Charging prices

What does public charging cost?

The prices charging networks and municipalities publish themselves, per kWh and incl. VAT. With your rights when charging without a charging card, and where to go when something goes wrong.

Checked on October 21, 2026 · all amounts per kWh incl. VAT · a source for every price

Without a card, per kWh

Fast charging at 4 networks
€0.54 to €0.86
Regular charging at 3 networks
€0.36 to €0.62

The networks’ own prices, incl. VAT. October 21, 2026

  • 211,513public and semi-public charge points
  • 197motorway service areas with fast chargers
  • 770,453fully electric cars
  • Noneofficial national average charging price

By network

What networks charge themselves

Without a charging card (ad hoc, with a debit card, credit card or QR code) and via the network’s own app. With another provider’s charging card you pay that card’s tariff.

  • Allego

    Regular and fast

    Without a card

    Regular (AC)
    €0.44 to 0.62
    Fast (DC)
    €0.79

    Own app

    Regular (AC)
    €0.44 to 0.59
    Fast (DC)
    €0.69
    Details and conditions

    Without a card: Pay as you go without app or card, incl. VAT: 0.79 per kWh at ultrafast (up to 400 kW) and fast (up to 50 kW); 0.44 to 0.62 per kWh at regular AC (up to 22 kW), depending on location. Possible extra charges: HPC overstay fee 0.25 per minute after 45 minutes when the car is no longer charging; AC in the Netherlands 0.05 per minute from 5 hours after the start (only 07:00 to 23:00, max 16 hours, not in some tenders such as Groningen, Drenthe, Overijssel and Gelderland).

    Own app: Allego Smart (free subscription in the app): 0.69 per kWh DC; 0.44 to 0.59 per kWh AC, incl. VAT. Allego Plus (paid subscription) is lower; subscription fees are not included here.

    AC prices differ by location; municipal tenders may differ. Example: in the NAL region East concession the Allego tariff is 0.422 per kWh (from 1 February 2026).

  • bp pulse

    Fast charging

    Without a card

    Not public

    Own app

    Not public

    Details and conditions

    Without a card: No price published. According to the bp pulse app terms, the applicable price per kWh, including VAT, is shown in the app. bp's Dutch web pages about fast charging could not be reached on 28-09-2026.

    No centrally published price found.

  • Fastned

    Fast charging

    Without a card

    Fast (DC)
    €0.77

    Own app

    Fast (DC)
    €0.69
    Details and conditions

    Without a card: Standard price in the Netherlands, incl. taxes. Pay with debit or credit card at the contactless reader, or online via the QR code on the screen if other options do not work.

    Own app: Fastned gives 10% off the standard price via the Fastned app with a direct payment method (bank account, debit or credit card). The 0.693 figure is calculated as 90% of 0.77; Fastned itself only states the percentage. With another provider's charge card you pay that provider's tariff. Fastned also has a subscription (Gold Member); subscription fees are not included here.

    One national price for all Fastned stations in the Netherlands.

    Price as of September 27, 2026

    Fastned, Prijzen, kortingen en abonnementen

  • IONITY

    Fast charging

    Without a card

    Fast (DC)
    €0.76 to 0.82

    Own app

    Fast (DC)
    €0.72
    Details and conditions

    Without a card: IONITY Direct (contactless, QR code or payment website, no registration). For the Netherlands IONITY states 'up to 0.82 per kWh' from 1 July 2026; the country data on the subscriptions page give 0.76 per kWh as the 'from' price. The price differs per station and is shown on the terminal or payment page. Incl. VAT.

    Own app: IONITY App without subscription: 0.72 per kWh per the Netherlands country data on the subscriptions page ('from' price). Subscriptions (from 0.43 per kWh plus a fee) are not detailed here.

    Price per station; check the exact price in the IONITY app or on the screen.

  • Shell Recharge (snelladers bij Shell-stations)

    Fast charging

    Without a card

    Not public

    Own app

    Fast (DC)
    €0.78
    Details and conditions

    Without a card: When paying by debit or credit card at the charger, the applicable price is shown on the payment terminal. Shell does not publish a central ad hoc price.

    Own app: Shell Recharge Basic (no monthly fee) via Shell App or charge card at Shell Recharge fast chargers: 0.78 per kWh plus 0.35 transaction fee per session. With Shell Recharge Premium (paid subscription) the kWh rate is lower; subscription fees are not included here. Any idle fees depend on the provider; Shell applies a maximum of 48 euro per session.

    Page last modified 27-07-2026 (per page metadata), checked on 27-09-2026.

  • Tesla Supercharger (niet-Tesla)

    Fast charging

    Without a card

    Not public

    Own app

    Not public

    Details and conditions

    Without a card: No central price found. Non-Tesla cars need a Tesla account in the Tesla app with a payment method; the price per location is shown on the Tesla app map and may change. An optional membership gives lower rates.

    Price per location, not published centrally. The Tesla support page returned 'Access Denied' on 27-09-2026; this information comes from tesla.com search results and is not fully verified.

    Price as of September 27, 2026

    Tesla Support, Supercharging Other EVs

  • TotalEnergies (openbaar netwerk)

    Regular and fast

    Without a card

    Regular (AC)
    €0.36 to 0.50
    Fast (DC)
    €0.54 to 0.86

    Own app

    Not public

    Details and conditions

    Without a card: TotalEnergies publishes the tariff at its public chargers per concession area (incl. VAT). You only pay the per kWh tariff; TotalEnergies charges no idle or overstay fees. With a charge card the price may differ. Tariffs are adjusted quarterly. The range covers fixed tariffs; dynamic tariffs range from 0.34 to 0.51.

    Prices per concession area, agreed in the concession via indexation formulas and adjusted quarterly. TotalEnergies fast chargers at own sites (for example Deudekom 0.76 and Roosendaal 0.74) are also on the tariff page.

  • Vattenfall InCharge

    Regular and fast

    Without a card

    Not public

    Own app

    Not public

    Details and conditions

    Without a card: Ad hoc charging is possible via the QR code on public InCharge chargers, with debit card, credit card, Apple Pay or Google Pay (20 euro pre-authorisation). Vattenfall publishes a tariff per kWh for each concession (see tariffs below), but does not state explicitly whether this is also the ad hoc tariff.

    All amounts incl. 21% VAT. Prices differ by concession area; for other chargers Vattenfall refers to its app. For The Hague and the 2024 Brabant/Limburg concession new tariffs apply since 1 October 2026 (previously 0.4120 and 0.4598).

  • Velian (voorheen Equans, 'Go Velian')

    Regular charging

    Without a card

    Regular (AC)
    €0.39 to 0.57

    Own app

    Not public

    Details and conditions

    Without a card: Ad hoc charging via the QR code on the charger (go.velian.com / laad-elektrisch.nl); according to Velian you then pay no charge card surcharge and always the agreed concession tariff. The tariff depends on the contract (see the charger number). Amounts incl. VAT as shown on the Go Velian page.

    Tariffs change per contract monthly (SGZH1), yearly (SGZH2) or quarterly (others). The amounts incl. VAT are derived as the Go Velian page computes them: the excl. VAT tariff from Velian's own tariff file times 1.21, rounded to 2 decimals. Velian chargers deliver up to 11 kW per point.

Low to high

Charging without a card: who charges what?

Each network’s own ad hoc price per kWh, incl. VAT, low to high. Where a network publishes a range, the bar shows the highest amount and the range is next to it.

Fast charging (DC)

  1. Fastned€0.77
  2. Allego€0.79
  3. IONITY€0.76 to 0.82
  4. TotalEnergies (openbaar netwerk)€0.54 to 0.86

Regular charging (AC)

  1. TotalEnergies (openbaar netwerk)€0.36 to 0.50
  2. Velian (voorheen Equans, 'Go Velian')€0.39 to 0.57
  3. Allego€0.44 to 0.62

With a charging card you pay that card’s tariff, not this price. Compare charging cards

By city and region

Prices at municipal charge points

Municipalities and regions tender their public charge points. The operator and tariff differ per concession and sometimes change monthly or quarterly.

Note: several tariffs change on 1 October 2026, quarterly or monthly. Check the source when in doubt.

Amsterdam

Costs and calculator for Amsterdam

Rotterdam

Costs and calculator for Rotterdam

Den Haag

Costs and calculator for The Hague

Utrecht

Costs and calculator for Utrecht

Gelderland en Overijssel (NAL-regio Oost, incl. Veenendaal)

Costs and calculator for Gelderland and Overijssel

Noord-Holland, Flevoland en Utrecht (MRA-E)

Costs and calculator for North Holland, Flevoland and Utrecht

Noord-Brabant en Limburg

  • Vattenfall InCharge

    €0.49per kWh

    Notes and source

    2024 concession, incl. VAT, since 1 October 2026 (previously 0.4598). 2017 and 2020 concessions: 0.3256.

    Vattenfall InCharge, Onze laadtarieven

Costs and calculator for North Brabant and Limburg

Friesland (provincie)

Costs and calculator for Friesland

Groningen en Drenthe

Costs and calculator for Groningen and Drenthe

Eindhoven

  • Vattenfall InCharge

    €0.49per kWh

    Notes and source

    2024 concession of North Brabant and Limburg, incl. VAT, since 1 October 2026 (previously 0.4598). 2017 and 2020 concessions: 0.3256. The municipality writes that until the end of 2024 other providers also placed chargers. It publishes no price for those chargers. Ad hoc charging works via a QR code, a debit card, a credit card, Apple Pay or Google Pay. The tariff page lists no start or idle fee for this concession. You do not request a new charger yourself: every 6 months Vattenfall proposes spots where charging pressure is high. You can leave a signal with Vattenfall. For a disabled parking bay, email opladen@eindhoven.nl. Sources consulted on 11 October 2026.

    Gemeente Eindhoven, Openbare laadpalenVattenfall InCharge, Onze laadtarievenVattenfall InCharge, Laden zonder laadpas

Costs and calculator for Eindhoven

Groningen

  • Gemeentelijke laadpalen

    €0.49per kWh

    Notes and source

    Municipal charger, 49.44 cents per kWh incl. VAT, outside 16:00 to 21:00. A charging card or contract can add start or transaction fees. Other providers in Groningen can charge a different price. These chargers are not in the Equans concession (GRDR) of the other Groningen municipalities. You request a charger from the municipality. First give a reaction on the possible new locations. Conditions: you live or work at least 20 hours a week in the municipality (or will within 3 months), your car drives at least 50 km electric according to the manufacturer, you have no parking space of your own and park on the street, and within 250 metres of your address (500 metres in the inner city) there is or will be no public charger. If there is a charger within that distance, you are referred to it, unless that charger supplies at least about 10,000 kWh a year. Request and placement are free. Placement takes a year on average, depending on space on the grid. Sources consulted on 11 October 2026.

    Gemeente Groningen, Regels voor gebruik openbare laadpalenGemeente Groningen, LaadpalenGemeente Groningen, Denk mee over nieuwe laadpalenProvincie Groningen, Openbare laadpalen in Groningen

  • Gemeentelijke laadpalen, 16:00 tot 21:00

    €0.56per kWh

    Notes and source

    Municipal charger, 56.44 cents per kWh incl. VAT, between 16:00 and 21:00. Sources consulted on 11 October 2026.

    Gemeente Groningen, Regels voor gebruik openbare laadpalen

Costs and calculator for Groningen

Tilburg

  • Vattenfall InCharge

    €0.49per kWh

    Notes and source

    2024 concession of North Brabant and Limburg, incl. VAT, since 1 October 2026 (previously 0.4598). 2017 and 2020 concessions: 0.3256. The municipality names Vattenfall and does not publish its own price per kWh. Extra chargers go where existing ones are busy, every six months. You report a need via the Province of North Brabant and Vattenfall InCharge. For a fault, call the number on the charger, or Enexis on 0800-9009. A cable duct is allowed under conditions. A cable across the pavement is not allowed. Ad hoc charging works via a QR code, a debit card, a credit card, Apple Pay or Google Pay. The tariff page lists no start or idle fee for this concession. Sources consulted on 11 October 2026.

    Gemeente Tilburg, Oplaadpunten voor elektrisch vervoerVattenfall InCharge, Onze laadtarievenVattenfall InCharge, Laden zonder laadpas

Costs and calculator for Tilburg

Almere

  • TotalEnergies / Vattenfall InCharge / Velian / Shell ubitricity

    Not public

    Notes and source

    You request a charger via Laadwerk. You live in Almere or work there at least 18 hours a week, your car drives at least 45 km electric and you park on the street. The charger is placed within 200 metres. Expect about 10 months, up to 2 years if the grid is congested. The cable must not lie loose on the pavement. For a fault, call the number on the charger. There is no single price: not published as one amount. Laadwerk lists on 13 July 2026, incl. VAT, for new chargers from 1 July 2024: TotalEnergies 0.37, Shell ubitricity 0.35, Vattenfall 0.36 and Velian 0.44. For chargers from before 1 July 2024: TotalEnergies 0.48, Shell ubitricity 0.47 and Vattenfall 0.52. The operators publish partly different amounts: TotalEnergies MRA-E 6 is 0.36, Vattenfall MRA 2024 is 0.3594 at peak and 0.3394 off-peak, Vattenfall MRA 2021 is 0.5222, Velian NHFU is 0.44. Ad hoc via a QR code pays the agreed maximum, with no surcharge from the card provider. Fast charging according to Laadwerk: TotalEnergies 0.54, Shell Recharge 0.66 and NXT 50five 0.76. Those are programme tariffs, not separately named fast-charging hubs. Sources consulted on 11 October 2026.

    Gemeente Almere, LaadpalenLaadwerk, Veelgestelde vragenLaadwerk, Verzoek laadpaal indienenTotalEnergies, Vind een laadpaal & tarievenVattenfall InCharge, Onze laadtarievenGo Velian, ad-hoc tarief contract NHFU

Costs and calculator for Almere

Breda

  • Exploitant niet gepubliceerd

    Not public

    Notes and source

    Price per kWh: not published. The municipality writes that subscription and electricity tariffs differ by provider, and names no operator. You request a charger via the municipality form. That is free, usually within 300 metres and usually within 16 weeks, with proof of your electric car. Breda is in North Brabant. The municipality names no concession, so the Vattenfall tariff of North Brabant and Limburg does not apply here automatically. Sources consulted on 11 October 2026.

    Gemeente Breda, Laadpaal

Costs and calculator for Breda

Nijmegen

  • Qwello, voormalige Equans-laadpalen

    €0.36per kWh

    Notes and source

    Only the former Equans chargers the NAL names for Nijmegen: 0.36 per kWh incl. VAT from 1 April 2026, concession until at least 2032. For participating municipalities in region East the NAL also names other contracts: Allego 0.422 from 1 February 2026, Qwello (formerly Park&Charge / EVnetNL) 0.59 from 1 April 2026, Vattenfall 0.368 from 1 July 2026. The municipality does not publish which of those contracts are in Nijmegen and does not publish its own price per kWh. You request a charger via laadpaalaanvragen-oost.nl. You have no parking space of your own. The municipality chooses the spot, at about 250 metres. After approval it takes about 5 months. Requesting is free. Sources consulted on 11 October 2026.

    Gemeente Nijmegen, Oplaadpaal aanvragenNAL-regio Oost, Laadtarieven regio oostLaadpaal aanvragen Oost

Costs and calculator for Nijmegen

Apeldoorn

  • Qwello, voormalige Equans-laadpalen

    €0.36per kWh

    Notes and source

    Only the former Equans chargers the NAL names for Apeldoorn: 0.36 per kWh incl. VAT from 1 April 2026, concession until at least 2032. The municipality does not name the provider. For participating municipalities in region East the NAL also names other contracts: Allego 0.422 from 1 February 2026, Qwello (formerly Park&Charge / EVnetNL) 0.59 from 1 April 2026, Vattenfall 0.368 from 1 July 2026. The municipality does not publish which of those contracts are in Apeldoorn. You request a charger via the provider's website. Conditions: you have an electric car or one on order that drives at least 45 km electric, you have no drive of your own, you live in the municipality or work there at least 20 hours a week, and there is no charger within 250 metres. Requesting is free. Placement takes at least 3 to 4 months. Sources consulted on 11 October 2026.

    Gemeente Apeldoorn, Laadpaal plaatsenNAL-regio Oost, Laadtarieven regio oost

Costs and calculator for Apeldoorn

Haarlem

  • TotalEnergies / Vattenfall InCharge / Velian / Shell ubitricity

    Not public

    Notes and source

    You request a charger online at Laadwerk, with proof of your electric car. That is only possible if there is no public charger within 300 metres. The charger is public, not private, and has two bays. Requesting is free. It can take longer than 8 months. In a paid parking zone you pay parking fees. There is no single price: not published as one amount. Laadwerk lists on 13 July 2026, incl. VAT, for new chargers from 1 July 2024: TotalEnergies 0.37, Shell ubitricity 0.35, Vattenfall 0.36 and Velian 0.44. For chargers from before 1 July 2024: TotalEnergies 0.48, Shell ubitricity 0.47 and Vattenfall 0.52. The operators publish partly different amounts: TotalEnergies MRA-E 6 is 0.36, Vattenfall MRA 2024 is 0.3594 at peak and 0.3394 off-peak, Vattenfall MRA 2021 is 0.5222, Velian NHFU is 0.44. Ad hoc via a QR code pays the agreed maximum, with no surcharge from the card provider. Fast charging according to Laadwerk: TotalEnergies 0.54, Shell Recharge 0.66 and NXT 50five 0.76. Those are programme tariffs, not separately named fast-charging hubs. Sources consulted on 11 October 2026.

    Gemeente Haarlem, Laadpaal elektrische auto'sLaadwerk, Veelgestelde vragenLaadwerk, Verzoek laadpaal indienenTotalEnergies, Vind een laadpaal & tarievenVattenfall InCharge, Onze laadtarievenGo Velian, ad-hoc tarief contract NHFU

Costs and calculator for Haarlem

Arnhem

  • Vattenfall InCharge

    €0.37per kWh

    Notes and source

    NAL region East, incl. VAT, from 1 July 2026. The contract started on 1 July 2023. Vattenfall itself lists 0.3624. The municipality does not publish its own price per kWh. You request a charger at Vattenfall InCharge. You live or work in Arnhem. You have, or will soon lease, an electric or hybrid car that drives at least 45 km electric after charging, and you cannot park on your own land. Request and placement are free. You pay to charge. The municipality points to the tariffs of Vattenfall InCharge. Ad hoc charging works via a QR code, a debit card, a credit card, Apple Pay or Google Pay. The tariff page lists no start or idle fee for this concession. Sources consulted on 11 October 2026.

    Gemeente Arnhem, Laadpaal elektrische auto aanvragenNAL-regio Oost, Laadtarieven regio oostVattenfall InCharge, Onze laadtarievenVattenfall InCharge, Laden zonder laadpas

Costs and calculator for Arnhem

Enschede

  • Vattenfall InCharge

    €0.37per kWh

    Notes and source

    NAL region East, incl. VAT, from 1 July 2026. The contract started on 1 July 2023. Vattenfall itself lists 0.3624. The municipality does not publish its own price per kWh. Vattenfall places the charger after the municipality approves. You request it via laadpaalaanvragen-oost.nl. Conditions: you have an electric car within 3 months, you cannot park on your own land, there are not enough chargers within 250 metres, your car drives at least 45 km electric, and you live in Enschede or work there at least 20 hours a week. Expect about 4 months. Requesting is free, you pay for the electricity. While charging you pay the normal parking fees. The cable must not lie on the pavement. For a fault, call the number on the charger. Ad hoc charging works via a QR code, a debit card, a credit card, Apple Pay or Google Pay. The tariff page lists no start or idle fee for this concession. Sources consulted on 11 October 2026.

    Gemeente Enschede, Openbare laadpaalNAL-regio Oost, Laadtarieven regio oostLaadpaal aanvragen OostVattenfall InCharge, Onze laadtarievenVattenfall InCharge, Laden zonder laadpas

Costs and calculator for Enschede

Amersfoort

  • Exploitant niet gepubliceerd

    Not public

    Notes and source

    Price per kWh: not published. The municipality does not place chargers itself. It writes that one operator is active now, without naming it, and that chargers from several operators remain because the municipality used to work with other operators. Placement is based on municipal data. A request from a resident is no longer needed. The price differs per charger. The owner of the charger and the card provider set it. The municipality has no influence on that. Sometimes you can pay by debit card, credit card or an app. Email: laadpalen@amersfoort.nl. Sources consulted on 11 October 2026.

    Gemeente Amersfoort, Opladen elektrische auto's

Costs and calculator for Amersfoort

Zaanstad

Costs and calculator for Zaanstad

's-Hertogenbosch

  • Vattenfall InCharge

    €0.49per kWh

    Notes and source

    2024 concession of North Brabant and Limburg, incl. VAT, since 1 October 2026 (previously 0.4598). 2017 and 2020 concessions: 0.3256. The municipality has agreements with Vattenfall together with other municipalities and does not publish its own price per kWh. Chargers from other providers are also present. You request a charger via Vattenfall's website. After Vattenfall assesses it, the municipality approves, a traffic order follows and Vattenfall places the charger. That takes about 16 weeks. The charger is free, you pay to charge. Condition: no parking space of your own (garage, drive or own bay) and you live or work in the municipality. The municipality mentions more than 1,400 public charging points. Ad hoc charging works via a QR code, a debit card, a credit card, Apple Pay or Google Pay. The tariff page lists no start or idle fee for this concession. Sources consulted on 11 October 2026.

    Gemeente 's-Hertogenbosch, Elektrisch rijden en ladenVattenfall InCharge, Onze laadtarievenVattenfall InCharge, Laden zonder laadpas

Costs and calculator for 's-Hertogenbosch

Zwolle

  • Vattenfall InCharge

    €0.37per kWh

    Notes and source

    NAL region East, incl. VAT, from 1 July 2026. The contract started on 1 July 2023. Vattenfall itself lists 0.3624. The municipality does not publish its own price per kWh. The municipality names a concession with the Province of Overijssel and Vattenfall InCharge. You request a charger at Vattenfall InCharge. Requesting is free, you pay to charge. Conditions: you live in Zwolle or you are an employer there, you have or will soon get an electric car and can prove it, you cannot charge on your own land, and there is no public charger within 250 metres (or an existing one is very heavily used). The municipality and Vattenfall choose the spot and reserve bays. You need a charging card. Ad hoc charging works via a QR code, a debit card, a credit card, Apple Pay or Google Pay. The tariff page lists no start or idle fee for this concession. Sources consulted on 11 October 2026.

    Gemeente Zwolle, Laadpaal elektrische auto aanvragenNAL-regio Oost, Laadtarieven regio oostVattenfall InCharge, Onze laadtarievenVattenfall InCharge, Laden zonder laadpas

Costs and calculator for Zwolle

Leiden

  • StellaPower / Qwello / OPCHARGE / Orange Charging / Den Hartog Charging / PowerGo / Citycharging / DutchCharge

    Not public

    Notes and source

    Price per kWh: not published. The municipality names eight providers and writes that the prices differ. It hopes competition keeps prices down. Payment is via a charging card. Some providers charge a daytime connection or idle fee after the car is full. The municipality gives no amount for that. An ad hoc price for the driver is not published. Sources consulted on 11 October 2026.

    Gemeente Leiden, Openbare laadpalen

Costs and calculator for Leiden

Maastricht

  • Vattenfall InCharge

    €0.49per kWh

    Notes and source

    2024 concession of North Brabant and Limburg, incl. VAT, since 1 October 2026 (previously 0.4598). 2017 and 2020 concessions: 0.3256. The municipality works with Vattenfall InCharge and does not publish its own price per kWh. The cost depends on the charger and the charging card. The tariff is in your card app or on the charger. If a charging point is missing, you can propose one at Vattenfall InCharge. The municipality expects the number of on-street charging points to roughly double by 2030, to about 2,000. Ad hoc charging works via a QR code, a debit card, a credit card, Apple Pay or Google Pay. The tariff page lists no start or idle fee for this concession. Sources consulted on 11 October 2026.

    Gemeente Maastricht, Elektrische auto opladenVattenfall InCharge, Onze laadtarievenVattenfall InCharge, Laden zonder laadpas

Costs and calculator for Maastricht

Your rights

What the rules guarantee you

The EU AFIR regulation and the Dutch alternative fuels infrastructure decree set how you must be able to pay and what price information you get.

Charging without a contract must be possible everywhere (AFIR Art. 5(1))Applies from April 13, 2024AFIR art. 2AFIR art. 5(1) eerste alineaAFIR art. 26

Operators must offer ad hoc charging at every publicly accessible charging point. Under AFIR Art. 2, ad hoc means without registering, without a written agreement and without a commercial relationship beyond buying the charging session. According to the European Commission (Q&A 5.9), an operator or mobility service provider app that requires an account therefore does not count as an ad hoc payment option. Cash-only payment is not sufficient either (Q&A 5.7). Does not apply to charging points where charging is free.

Verordening (EU) 2023/1804 (AFIR), EUR-LexEuropese Commissie, Q&A over AFIR (EU) 2023/1804

New chargers: pay with a widely used payment card (AFIR Art. 5(1))Applies from April 13, 2024AFIR art. 5(1) tweede tot en met vijfde alinea

At publicly accessible charging points deployed from 13 April 2024, ad hoc charging must be possible with a payment instrument widely used in the EU. The operator must offer at least one of: (a) a payment card reader, (b) a contactless device that can at least read payment cards, or (c) only for points below 50 kW: a secure online payment option, for example via a QR code. The Commission confirms that a static QR code (sticker) can comply if the payment is secure (Q&A 5.10), and that a contactless reader may accept payment cards in a mobile wallet (Q&A 5.9). One terminal may serve several points in a charging pool.

Verordening (EU) 2023/1804 (AFIR), EUR-LexEuropese Commissie, Q&A over AFIR (EU) 2023/1804

Fast chargers on the TEN-T network: card reader or contactless required from 2027 (AFIR Art. 5(1))Applies from January 1, 2027AFIR art. 5(1) derde alinea

From 1 January 2027, all publicly accessible charging points of 50 kW or more along the TEN-T road network or in a safe and secure parking area must have a payment card reader or contactless reader (option a or b), including points deployed before 13 April 2024. A QR code alone is then no longer sufficient for these points. This retrofit duty does not apply to existing points outside the TEN-T network or to points below 50 kW.

Verordening (EU) 2023/1804 (AFIR), EUR-Lex

Right to opt out of automatic authentication (AFIR Art. 5(2))Applies from April 13, 2024AFIR art. 5(2)

If an operator offers automatic authentication (for example plug and charge or autocharge), you always have the right not to use it and to charge ad hoc or use another contract-based option offered at that point instead. The operator must show this option clearly and conveniently at each point that offers automatic authentication.

Verordening (EU) 2023/1804 (AFIR), EUR-Lex

Operator prices: reasonable, comparable, transparent, non-discriminatory (AFIR Art. 5(3))Applies from April 13, 2024AFIR art. 5(3)

Prices charged by operators of publicly accessible charging points must be reasonable, easily and clearly comparable, transparent and non-discriminatory. An operator may not use prices to discriminate between end users and mobility service providers, or between mobility service providers. Price differences are only allowed if proportionate and objectively justified.

Verordening (EU) 2023/1804 (AFIR), EUR-Lex

Chargers of 50 kW or more: price per kWh, visible before starting (AFIR Art. 5(4))Applies from April 13, 2024AFIR art. 5(4) eerste, tweede en vierde alinea

At charging points of 50 kW or more, the ad hoc price must be based on the price per kWh delivered. In addition, only an occupancy fee per minute may be charged to discourage long occupancy. The operator must show the ad hoc price per kWh and any occupancy fee per minute at the station so you know them before starting. According to the Commission, show means visibly present at the station, for example on a screen or sticker; a mere reference to a website is not enough (Q&A 5.19). An occupancy fee from the start of the session does not prima facie appear proportionate (Q&A 5.18), and per-transaction fees are excluded at these points (Q&A 5.21). These rules apply to points deployed from 13 April 2024.

Verordening (EU) 2023/1804 (AFIR), EUR-LexEuropese Commissie, Q&A over AFIR (EU) 2023/1804

Chargers below 50 kW: all price components available beforehand, in a fixed order (AFIR Art. 5(4))Applies from April 13, 2024AFIR art. 5(4) derde alinea

At charging points below 50 kW, the operator must make the ad hoc price with all its components clearly and easily available at the station so you know it before starting. The order is fixed: price per kWh, price per minute, price per session, then any other component. This may be digital, for example via a QR code or link at the charger (Q&A 5.19). According to the Commission, this duty applies since 13 April 2024 to all publicly accessible points below 50 kW, including existing ones (Q&A 5.20).

Verordening (EU) 2023/1804 (AFIR), EUR-LexEuropese Commissie, Q&A over AFIR (EU) 2023/1804

Charge card providers: full price beforehand, no surcharge for charging abroad (AFIR Art. 5(5))Applies from April 13, 2024AFIR art. 5(5)

Prices charged by mobility service providers (charge card and app providers) must be reasonable, transparent and non-discriminatory. Before a session starts, they must make all price information for that session available through freely available, widely supported electronic means, listing all price components separately, including e-roaming costs and their own fees. According to the Commission, the aim is that you can compare the ad hoc price with your card price beforehand (Q&A 5.27). Providers may not add extra charges for cross-border e-roaming.

Verordening (EU) 2023/1804 (AFIR), EUR-LexEuropese Commissie, Q&A over AFIR (EU) 2023/1804

Ad hoc price as open data (AFIR Art. 20)Applies from April 14, 2025AFIR art. 20(2) en 20(3)Gedelegeerde Verordening (EU) 2025/671 art. 1

Since 14 April 2025, operators must make static and dynamic data on their publicly accessible charging points available free of charge, including the current ad hoc price, availability and operational status, and (since the amendment by Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/671) which payment options exist, such as a card reader or contactless reader. Member States publish these data through a national access point; in the Netherlands this is DOT-NL, run by NDW for the Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management.

Verordening (EU) 2023/1804 (AFIR), EUR-LexGedelegeerde Verordening (EU) 2025/671 (wijzigt art. 20 AFIR)NDW, DOT-NL (Nationaal Toegangspunt laadpuntdata)NAL, Voortgangsrapportage 2025 (22-04-2026)

Digitally connected, smart charging and fixed DC cable (AFIR Art. 5(7), (8) and (10))Applies from October 14, 2024AFIR art. 5(7)AFIR art. 5(8)AFIR art. 5(10)

All publicly accessible charging points had to be digitally connected by 14 October 2024. Points built after 13 April 2024 or renovated after 14 October 2024 must be capable of smart charging. All publicly accessible DC points had to have a fixed charging cable by 14 April 2025.

Verordening (EU) 2023/1804 (AFIR), EUR-Lex

AFIR review by the end of 2026 (AFIR Art. 24(2))Applies from December 31, 2026AFIR art. 24(2)

The European Commission must review AFIR by 31 December 2026, assessing among other things whether the electronic payment means in Art. 5(1) are still appropriate and whether the price components in Art. 5(4) give consumers clear and sufficient information. It may follow up with an amendment proposal. As of 27-09-2026, Art. 5 has not been amended; the two amendments so far (Delegated Regulations 2025/656 and 2025/671) concern standards in Annex II and data types in Art. 20.

Verordening (EU) 2023/1804 (AFIR), EUR-LexGedelegeerde Verordening (EU) 2025/671 (wijzigt art. 20 AFIR)

Dutch rule: ad hoc charging without a contract (Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Decree Art. 4)Applies from June 24, 2017Besluit infrastructuur alternatieve brandstoffen art. 4

Article 4 of the Dutch Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Decree (2017, version in force from 1 January 2026) requires that a publicly accessible charging point offers an ad hoc charging service without a contract with an electricity supplier or operator. This decree remains in force until the Dutch AFIR implementation act replaces it.

Besluit infrastructuur alternatieve brandstoffen (wetten.overheid.nl, geldend vanaf 01-01-2026)Staatsblad 2017, 204 (Besluit infrastructuur alternatieve brandstoffen, met nota van toelichting)

General Dutch pricing rules also apply to chargingBesluit prijsaanduiding producten art. 3 en 4BW art. 6:193d

Besides AFIR, general consumer rules apply. According to the NAL price transparency action plan, these are the Dutch Price Indication Decree (Arts. 3 and 4: a service may only be offered with a price indication on or near the product) and Book 6 of the Dutch Civil Code on unfair commercial practices (Art. 6:193d: omitting or unclearly giving essential information is misleading). The ACM states that the charger or charge card provider must tell you beforehand what you pay per kWh, including taxes and all mandatory costs, and that after charging you must be able to see how many kWh you used and what you paid.

NAL, Actieplan prijstransparantie (mei 2024), via Eerste KamerACM ConsuWijzer, Tarieven laadpalen

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How these prices are gathered

  • We only take prices from the tariff pages of networks, municipalities and official sources (NAL, RVO, NDW). Every price has a source and date.
  • Where a network publishes a range, we show the range. If a price is not public we show “Not public”; we estimate nothing.
  • There is no official national average public charging price, so we show no average.
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